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see if you can pacify him

  • 1 apaciguar

    v.
    1 to calm down.
    2 to soothe, to balm, to hush, to appease.
    Su voz apaciguó a la bestia His voice soothe the beast.
    3 to soberize, to make sober, to allay someone's anger, to soberise.
    Elsa apaciguó a Ricardo Elsa allayed John's anger.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ AVERIGUAR], like link=averiguar averiguar
    1 to pacify, appease, placate, calm down
    1 (persona) to calm down; (tormenta) to abate; (mar) to become calm
    * * *
    verb
    to appease, pacify, to calm down
    * * *
    1.
    VT (=tranquilizar) to calm down; [+ manifestantes] to pacify, appease, mollify; (Pol) to appease
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <persona/ánimos> to pacify
    2.
    apaciguarse v pron persona to calm down; mar to become calm; temporal/viento to abate, die down
    * * *
    = still, assuage, appease, quieten.
    Ex. And arming himself with patience and piety he tarried awhile until the hubbub was stilled.
    Ex. The dullard's envy of brilliant men is always assuaged by the suspicion that they will come to bad end.
    Ex. They've been working their butts off since the program was launched to appease the crowd.
    Ex. Sadly, you can't quieten the console using methods other than turning up the volume on your TV or wearing headphones.
    ----
    * apaciguarse = quieten down, abate, mellow.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <persona/ánimos> to pacify
    2.
    apaciguarse v pron persona to calm down; mar to become calm; temporal/viento to abate, die down
    * * *
    = still, assuage, appease, quieten.

    Ex: And arming himself with patience and piety he tarried awhile until the hubbub was stilled.

    Ex: The dullard's envy of brilliant men is always assuaged by the suspicion that they will come to bad end.
    Ex: They've been working their butts off since the program was launched to appease the crowd.
    Ex: Sadly, you can't quieten the console using methods other than turning up the volume on your TV or wearing headphones.
    * apaciguarse = quieten down, abate, mellow.

    * * *
    vt
    ‹persona› to pacify
    este gesto apaciguó los ánimos de los manifestantes this gesture pacified o mollified o placated the demonstrators
    está furioso, a ver si tú puedes apaciguarlo he's furious, see if you can pacify him o calm him down
    los apaciguaron con la promesa de volver a investigar el caso they pacified o placated o appeased them by promising to reopen the case
    1 «persona» to calm down
    sus encuentros se han ido apaciguando their encounters have become more peaceful o more relaxed o less fraught
    2 «mar» to become calm; «temporal/viento» to abate, die down
    * * *

    apaciguar ( conjugate apaciguar) verbo transitivo ‹ ánimos› to pacify;
    ‹ persona› to calm … down, to pacify
    apaciguarse verbo pronominal [ persona] to calm down;
    [ mar] to become calm;
    [temporal/viento] to abate, die down
    apaciguar vtr (calmar) to pacify, appease
    ' apaciguar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    amansar
    - ánimo
    - tranquilizar
    English:
    appease
    - assuage
    - placate
    - pacify
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [persona] to calm down;
    su discurso apaciguó los ánimos de la gente his speech calmed people down;
    no consiguieron apaciguar su ira they were unable to calm her anger
    2. [dolor] to soothe
    * * *
    v/t pacify, calm down
    * * *
    apaciguar {10} vt
    aplacar: to appease, to pacify
    * * *
    apaciguar vb to calm down

    Spanish-English dictionary > apaciguar

  • 2 ruhig

    I Adj.
    1. (still) quiet (auch Farbe, Gegend etc., WIRTS., Markt); präd. (auch bewegungslos) still; seid mal bitte einen Moment ruhig! please keep quiet just for a moment; du bist ganz ruhig! drohend: I don’t want to hear another sound out of you; in ruhigem Ton in a calm (tone of) voice; um jemanden / etw. ist es ruhig geworden fig. you don’t hear anything about s.o. / s.th. any more
    2. (friedlich, ungestört) quiet, peaceful, tranquil; (geruhsam) restful; eine ruhige Kugel schieben umg. be not exactly killing o.s.; ruhiger Posten umg. easy ( oder cushy) job; ich habe keine ruhige Minute I don’t get a moment’s ( oder minute’s) peace ( oder rest)
    3. (gelassen) calm, composed, cool(-headed); (leidenschaftslos) even-tempered; (beruhigt) reassured; Hand: steady; Nerven: calm; Gewissen: clear; ruhiger Mensch quiet person; ruhig und gefasst calm and collected; ruhig werden quiet(en) down; ruhig bleiben keep calm ( oder one’s temper); sei ganz ruhig (unbesorgt) there’s no need to worry; ruhig! quiet!; nur ruhig! take it easy; ( dazu braucht man) eine ruhige Hand (this needs) a steady hand; ruhig Blut! just keep calm, calm down
    4. (glatt, störungsfrei) smooth; (gemächlich) leisurely (auch Adv.) See: calm; Überfahrt: smooth; ruhiger Gang TECH. smooth running
    5. ruhig stellen MED. (Arm etc.) immobilize; (Patienten) medikamentös: tranquil(l)ize; fig. pacify, calm
    II Adv.
    1. quietly etc.; ruhig schlafen sleep soundly; ruhig wohnen live in a quiet area; ruhig verlaufen be uneventful; (reibungslos) go off smoothly ( oder without a hitch); sich ruhig verhalten keep quiet, hold one’s peace; sie sahen ruhig zu, wie er den Hund quälte they just stood and watched him tormenting the dog
    2. (meinetwegen, getrost) by all means; du kannst ruhig dableiben by all means stay if you want, it’s all right for you to stay; das können Sie ruhig tun feel free (to do so); du kannst ihn ruhig wecken by all means wake him, there’s no reason why you shouldn’t wake him; du kannst mir ruhig glauben you can take my word for it; du könntest mir ruhig die Tür aufmachen you might open the door for me; du könntest ihr ruhig mal schreiben you could do worse than write her a letter; man kann ruhig behaupten, dass... it is safe to say that...
    * * *
    unflustered; leisurely; placid; smooth; calm; silent; still; tranquil; cool; easeful; halcyon; reposeful; restful; unexcited; composed; quiet; quiescent; sedate; staid; unruffled
    * * *
    ru|hig ['ruːɪç]
    1. adj
    1) (= still) quiet; Wetter, Meer calm

    seid rúhig! — be quiet!

    ihr sollt rúhig sein! — (will you) be quiet!

    2) (= geruhsam) quiet; Urlaub, Feiertage, Leben quiet, peaceful; Farbe restful; (= ohne Störung) Überfahrt, Verlauf smooth; (TECH) smooth

    gegen 6 Uhr wird es rúhiger — it quietens (Brit) or quiets (US) down around 6 o'clock

    alles geht seinen rúhigen Gang — everything is going smoothly

    See:
    → Kugel
    3) (= gelassen) calm; Gewissen easy

    nur rúhig (Blut)! — keep calm, take it easy (inf)

    bei rúhiger Überlegung — on( mature) consideration

    du wirst auch noch rúhiger! — you'll calm down one day

    du kannst/Sie können ganz rúhig sein — I can assure you

    See:
    → Blut
    4) (= sicher) Hand, Blick steady
    5) (= teilnahmslos) calm
    2. adv
    1) (= still) sitzen, stehenbleiben, dastehen still

    sitz doch rúhig! — sit still!

    2)

    (= untätig) etw rúhig mitansehen — to stand by and watch sth

    rúhig dabeistehen — just to stand by

    ich kann doch nicht rúhig mit ansehen, wie er so etwas tut — I can't just stand there and watch him do a thing like that

    sich rúhig verhalten — to keep calm

    3) (inf)

    du kannst rúhig hierbleiben — feel free to stay here, you're welcome to stay here if you want

    ihr könnt rúhig gehen, ich passe schon auf — you just go and I'll look after things

    wir können rúhig darüber sprechen — we can talk about it if you want

    du könntest rúhig mal etwas für mich tun! — it's about time you did something for me!

    4) (= ohne Turbulenzen) laufen very quietly

    das Flugzeug liegt rúhig in der Luft — the plane is flying smoothly

    ihr Leben verläuft sehr rúhig — she leads a very quiet life

    5)

    (= gelassen) wenn du etwas rúhiger überlegen würdest — if you took more time to think things over

    lass uns rúhig nachdenken — let's think things over calmly

    6) (= beruhigt) schlafen peacefully

    du kannst rúhig ins Kino gehen — go ahead, go to the cinema

    jetzt kann ich rúhig in Urlaub fahren — now I can go on holiday (esp Brit) or vacation (US) with an easy mind

    * * *
    1) (still or quiet: a calm sea; The weather was calm.) calm
    2) (not anxious or excited: a calm person/expression; Please keep calm!) calm
    5) (calm and not easily disturbed or upset: a placid child.) placid
    6) (not making very much, or any, noise; without very much, or any, noise: Tell the children to be quiet; It's very quiet out in the country; a quiet person.) quiet
    7) (free from worry, excitement etc: I live a very quiet life.) quiet
    8) (without much movement or activity; not busy: We'll have a quiet afternoon watching television.) quiet
    10) ((of colours, music etc) causing a person to feel calm and relaxed: Some people find blue a restful colour; After a hard day's work, I like to listen to some restful music.) restful
    11) (not making any noise: This lift is quite silent.) silent
    12) ((of movement) without breaks, stops or jolts: Did you have a smooth flight from New York?) smooth
    14) (quiet; peaceful: Life in the country is not always tranquil.) tranquil
    * * *
    ru·hig
    [ˈru:ɪç]
    I. adj
    1. (still, sich still verhaltend) quiet
    eine \ruhige Gegend a quiet area
    ein \ruhiger Mieter a quiet tenant
    2. (geruhsam) quiet
    sich dat einen \ruhigen Abend machen to have a quiet evening
    3. (keine Bewegung aufweisend) calm
    eine \ruhige Flamme a still flame
    4. (störungsfrei) smooth
    ein Achtzylinder hat einen \ruhigen Lauf an eight-cylinder engine runs smoothly
    eine \ruhige Überfahrt a smooth crossing
    5. (gelassen) calm
    ganz \ruhig sein können to not have to worry
    ich werde das schon regeln, da können Sie ganz \ruhig sein I'll sort that out, you don't have to worry; s.a. Gewissen
    6. (sicher) steady
    ein \ruhiger Blick a steady gaze
    II. adv
    1. (untätig) idly
    \ruhig dastehen to stand idly by
    etw \ruhig stellen MED Körperteil to immobilize sth
    2. (gleichmäßig) smoothly
    3. (gelassen) calmly
    4. (beruhigt) with peace of mind
    jetzt kann ich \ruhig nach Hause gehen und mich ausspannen now I can go home with my mind at rest and relax
    III. part (fam) really
    geh \ruhig, ich komme schon alleine zurecht don't worry about going, I can manage on my own
    du kannst \ruhig ins Kino gehen, ich passe schon auf die Kinder auf you just go to the cinema, I'll keep an eye on the children
    * * *
    1.
    1) (still, leise) quiet
    2) (friedlich, ungestört) peaceful <times, life, scene, valley, spot, etc.>; quiet <talk, reflection, life, spot>

    er hat keine ruhige Minute — he doesn't have a moment's peace

    3) (unbewegt) calm <sea, weather>; still < air>; (fig.) peaceful < melody>; quiet < pattern>; (gleichmäßig) steady <breathing, hand, flame, steps>; smooth <flight, crossing>
    4) (gelassen) calm <voice etc.>; quiet, calm < person>

    ruhig bleiben — keep calm; keep one's cool (coll.)

    2.
    1) (still, leise) quietly
    2) (friedlich, ohne Störungen) < sleep> peacefully; < go off> smoothly, peacefully; (ohne Zwischenfälle) uneventfully; <work, think> in peace
    3) (unbewegt) <sit, lie, stand> still; (gleichmäßig) <burn, breathe> steadily; < run, fly> smoothly
    4) (gelassen) <speak, watch, sit> calmly
    3.
    Adverb by all means

    du kannst ruhig mitkommen — by all means come along; you're welcome to come along

    lach mich ruhig aus — all right or go ahead, laugh at me[, I don't care]

    soll er ruhig meckern — (ugs.) let him moan[, I don't care]

    * * *
    A. adj
    1. (still) quiet (auch Farbe, Gegend etc, WIRTSCH, Markt); präd (auch bewegungslos) still;
    seid mal bitte einen Moment ruhig! please keep quiet just for a moment;
    du bist ganz ruhig! drohend: I don’t want to hear another sound out of you;
    in ruhigem Ton in a calm (tone of) voice;
    um jemanden/etwas ist es ruhig geworden fig you don’t hear anything about sb/sth any more
    2. (friedlich, ungestört) quiet, peaceful, tranquil; (geruhsam) restful;
    eine ruhige Kugel schieben umg be not exactly killing o.s.;
    ruhiger Posten umg easy ( oder cushy) job;
    ich habe keine ruhige Minute I don’t get a moment’s ( oder minute’s) peace ( oder rest)
    3. (gelassen) calm, composed, cool(-headed); (leidenschaftslos) even-tempered; (beruhigt) reassured; Hand: steady; Nerven: calm; Gewissen: clear;
    ruhiger Mensch quiet person;
    ruhig und gefasst calm and collected;
    ruhig werden quiet(en) down;
    ruhig bleiben keep calm ( oder one’s temper);
    sei ganz ruhig (unbesorgt) there’s no need to worry;
    ruhig! quiet!;
    nur ruhig! take it easy;
    (dazu braucht man) eine ruhige Hand (this needs) a steady hand;
    ruhig Blut! just keep calm, calm down
    4. (glatt, störungsfrei) smooth; (gemächlich) leisurely (auch adv); See: calm; Überfahrt: smooth;
    ruhiger Gang TECH smooth running
    5.
    ruhig stellen MED (Arm etc) immobilize; (Patienten) medikamentös: tranquil(l)ize; fig pacify, calm
    B. adv
    1. quietly etc;
    ruhig schlafen sleep soundly;
    ruhig wohnen live in a quiet area;
    ruhig verlaufen be uneventful; (reibungslos) go off smoothly ( oder without a hitch);
    sich ruhig verhalten keep quiet, hold one’s peace;
    sie sahen ruhig zu, wie er den Hund quälte they just stood and watched him tormenting the dog
    2. (meinetwegen, getrost) by all means;
    du kannst ruhig dableiben by all means stay if you want, it’s all right for you to stay;
    das können Sie ruhig tun feel free (to do so);
    du kannst ihn ruhig wecken by all means wake him, there’s no reason why you shouldn’t wake him;
    du kannst mir ruhig glauben you can take my word for it;
    du könntest mir ruhig die Tür aufmachen you might open the door for me;
    du könntest ihr ruhig mal schreiben you could do worse than write her a letter;
    man kann ruhig behaupten, dass … it is safe to say that …
    * * *
    1.
    1) (still, leise) quiet
    2) (friedlich, ungestört) peaceful <times, life, scene, valley, spot, etc.>; quiet <talk, reflection, life, spot>
    3) (unbewegt) calm <sea, weather>; still < air>; (fig.) peaceful < melody>; quiet < pattern>; (gleichmäßig) steady <breathing, hand, flame, steps>; smooth <flight, crossing>
    4) (gelassen) calm <voice etc.>; quiet, calm < person>

    ruhig bleiben — keep calm; keep one's cool (coll.)

    2.
    1) (still, leise) quietly
    2) (friedlich, ohne Störungen) < sleep> peacefully; < go off> smoothly, peacefully; (ohne Zwischenfälle) uneventfully; <work, think> in peace
    3) (unbewegt) <sit, lie, stand> still; (gleichmäßig) <burn, breathe> steadily; <run, fly> smoothly
    4) (gelassen) <speak, watch, sit> calmly
    3.
    Adverb by all means

    du kannst ruhig mitkommen — by all means come along; you're welcome to come along

    lach mich ruhig aus — all right or go ahead, laugh at me[, I don't care]

    soll er ruhig meckern — (ugs.) let him moan[, I don't care]

    * * *
    adj.
    calm adj.
    easy in one's mind (about) expr.
    halcyon adj.
    not flustered adj.
    quiescent adj.
    quiet adj.
    restful adj.
    silent adj.
    staid adj.
    still adj.
    tranquil adj.
    unexcited adj.
    unharried adj.
    unhasty adj.
    unruffled adj. adv.
    calmly adv.
    quiescently adv.
    quietly adv.
    reposefully adv.
    restfully adv.
    sedately adv.
    smoothly adv.
    tranquilly adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > ruhig

  • 3 tranquilizar

    v.
    1 to calm (down).
    Los medicamentos calmaron al lunático The medicines calmed the lunatic.
    2 to reassure (dar confianza a).
    * * *
    1 (calmar) to calm down, tranquillize (US tranquilize)
    2 (dar confianza) to reassure, set one's mind at rest
    1 (calmarse) to calm down
    2 to set one's mind at rest, be reassured
    * * *
    verb
    to calm down, soothe
    * * *
    1.

    ¿por qué no llamas a tu madre para tranquilizarla? — why don't you call your mother to put her mind at rest?

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <persona/animal> to calm... down
    2.
    tranquilizarse v pron persona to calm down
    * * *
    = reassure, soothe, settle, ease, lull, settle down, put + Nombre + at ease, tranquillise [tranquilize, -USA], quieten.
    Ex. The student might be reassured to recognize that this type of fundamental analysis of a subject need be conducted only once for each subject entering the indexing system.
    Ex. When she tried to soothe herself with other images -- images of John, the baby, the house -- she found that they had lost their power.
    Ex. Very young children settle easily to storytelling before bed but are less well disposed just after getting up in the morning.
    Ex. Ulysses uses words to comfort and lull his mariners, to ease all minds about the hard decision he has made and to persuade all that his choice to leave is correct.
    Ex. Ulysses uses words to comfort and lull his mariners, to ease all minds about the hard decision he has made and to persuade all that his choice to leave is correct.
    Ex. Faced by this situation a teacher who launches into the presentation of a new book without first doing something to settle the children down should hardly expect to succeed.
    Ex. The osteopath was accused of being off-hand with a female patient and not putting her at ease.
    Ex. In wildlife conservation and research it is often necessary to tranquilise an animal for various reasons.
    Ex. Sadly, you can't quieten the console using methods other than turning up the volume on your TV or wearing headphones.
    ----
    * tranquilizarse = cool off, take it + easy, chill out, quieten down.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <persona/animal> to calm... down
    2.
    tranquilizarse v pron persona to calm down
    * * *
    = reassure, soothe, settle, ease, lull, settle down, put + Nombre + at ease, tranquillise [tranquilize, -USA], quieten.

    Ex: The student might be reassured to recognize that this type of fundamental analysis of a subject need be conducted only once for each subject entering the indexing system.

    Ex: When she tried to soothe herself with other images -- images of John, the baby, the house -- she found that they had lost their power.
    Ex: Very young children settle easily to storytelling before bed but are less well disposed just after getting up in the morning.
    Ex: Ulysses uses words to comfort and lull his mariners, to ease all minds about the hard decision he has made and to persuade all that his choice to leave is correct.
    Ex: Ulysses uses words to comfort and lull his mariners, to ease all minds about the hard decision he has made and to persuade all that his choice to leave is correct.
    Ex: Faced by this situation a teacher who launches into the presentation of a new book without first doing something to settle the children down should hardly expect to succeed.
    Ex: The osteopath was accused of being off-hand with a female patient and not putting her at ease.
    Ex: In wildlife conservation and research it is often necessary to tranquilise an animal for various reasons.
    Ex: Sadly, you can't quieten the console using methods other than turning up the volume on your TV or wearing headphones.
    * tranquilizarse = cool off, take it + easy, chill out, quieten down.

    * * *
    vt
    estaba histérico e intenté tranquilizarlo he was hysterical and I tried to calm him down
    sus palabras la tranquilizaron his words reassured her
    me tranquiliza ver que ahora se llevan mejor I'm relieved to see (that) they're getting along better now
    intentó tranquilizar los ánimos he tried to calm people o things down
    1 «persona» to calm down
    ¡tranquilízate! todo saldrá bien calm down! everything will be all right
    2 «situación» to calm down, to quiet down ( AmE), to quieten down ( BrE)
    * * *

    tranquilizar ( conjugate tranquilizar) verbo transitivo
    a) ( apaciguar) to calm … down;


    sus palabras la tranquilizaron his words reassured her


    tranquilizarse verbo pronominal ( calmarse) to calm down;
    ( dejar de preocuparse):

    tranquilizar verbo transitivo
    1 (calmar) to calm down
    2 (eliminar el desasosiego) to reassure

    ' tranquilizar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    calmar
    - ir
    English:
    calm
    - pacify
    - quieten
    - reassure
    - rest
    - soothe
    - tranquillize
    - design
    - ease
    - quiet
    - settle
    - steady
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [calmar] to calm (down);
    una enfermera la tranquilizó a nurse calmed her down;
    me tranquiliza saber que está a salvo it's a relief to know she's safe, I feel much better now I know she's safe
    2. [dar confianza a] to reassure;
    su presencia la tranquiliza his presence reassures her o is reassuring to her
    * * *
    v/t
    :
    tranquilizar a alguien calm s.o. down
    * * *
    tranquilizar {21} vt
    calmar: to calm down, to soothe
    tranquilizar la conciencia: to ease the conscience
    * * *
    1. (en general) to calm down
    cuando está nervioso, la música lo tranquiliza when he's nervous, music calms him down
    2. (aliviar) to reassure / to set your mind at rest

    Spanish-English dictionary > tranquilizar

  • 4 apagar

    v.
    1 to put out (fuego, incendio).
    apagar el fuego de la cocina to turn o switch off the cooker
    “por favor apaguen sus cigarrillos” “please extinguish your cigarettes”
    2 to quench.
    El agua apaga la sed Water quenches thirst.
    3 to turn off, to close down, to put out, to shut down.
    María apaga la lámpara Mary turns off the lamp.
    4 to extinguish, to quench, to put out, to douse.
    El agua apaga el fuego Water puts out the fire.
    5 to blow out.
    Ricardo apagó la candela de un soplido Richard blew out the candle at a blow.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ LLEGAR], like link=llegar llegar
    1 (fuego) to extinguish, put out
    2 (luz) to turn out, turn off, put out
    3 (televisión etc) to switch off, turn off
    4 (color) to soften
    5 figurado (dolor) to soothe; (pena) to heal
    6 figurado (sed) to quench
    1 (luz) to go out; (televisión) to go off
    2 (emoción) to fade, wane
    3 figurado (morirse) to pass away
    \
    apaga y vámonos let's call it a day
    * * *
    verb
    1) to turn off, switch off
    2) put out, blow out
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ fuego, vela, cerilla] to put out; [soplando] to blow out

    apagó el cigarrillo en el cenicero — he put out o stubbed out his cigarette in the ashtray

    por favor, apaguen sus cigarrillos — please extinguish all cigarettes

    - entonces apaga y vámonos
    2) (Elec) to turn off, switch off

    apaga la luz/tele — turn o switch the light/TV off

    apagar el sistema — (Inform) to close o shut down the system

    3) [+ sed] to quench
    4) [+ ira] to calm; [+ rencor] to pacify
    5) [+ dolor] to take away, soothe
    6) [+ sonido] to muffle, deaden; (Mús) to mute
    7) [+ color] to tone down, soften
    8) [+ cal] to slake
    9) And, Caribe [+ arma de fuego] to empty, discharge
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <luz/televisión/motor> to turn off, switch off; <cigarrillo/fuego> to put out, extinguish (frml); <vela/cerilla> to put out; ( soplando) to blow out
    2) (liter) < sed> to quench; < ira> to appease (liter)
    2.
    apagarse v pron
    1) luz/fuego/vela to go out

    se ha apagado el brillo de sus ojos — (liter) the sparkle has gone out of her eyes

    2) (liter) ira to abate; pasión to fade; entusiasmo/fervor to wane
    * * *
    = turn off, quench, snub out, extinguish, dim, snuff out, snuff, dampen, stamp out.
    Ex. Trapping must be turned off by hand when the document has been picked up by the borrower.
    Ex. By such mutual assistance, the wits and endeavours of the world may no longer be as so many scattered coals, or firebrands, which, for want of union are soon quenched, whereas, being but laid together, they would have yielded a comfortable light and heat.
    Ex. 'Who will tell her?' 'I'll take care of that,' responded the principal with acerbity, snubbing out her cigarette.
    Ex. His sudden gust of audacity was quickly extinguished by her words and by her glance.
    Ex. At first, analyzing the way he went about his work eroded his confidence, threw him off balance, dimmed some of his energetic spirit.
    Ex. The producer did a 'hatchet job' on the film, substantially dumbing down the project and snuffing out any subtlety or nuance.
    Ex. Perhaps it was his hunger for precision and philosophical truth that snuffed the literary flame in Musil.
    Ex. Ten years ago ambition abounded; now risk-taking is out of style and vanguardism has been dampened by a pervasive enthusiasm for the past.
    Ex. The existence of the Internet and World Wide Web has made it almost impossible to stamp out crimes committed by hackers.
    ----
    * apagar el ardor = dampen + Posesivo + ardor.
    * apagar el entusiasmo = dampen + Posesivo + ardor.
    * apagar el fuego = put out + the flames.
    * apagar la cal = slake + lime.
    * apagar la cal viva = slake + quicklime.
    * apagar la luz = turn + the light off.
    * apagar la sed = slake + Posesivo + thirst.
    * apagarse = subside.
    * apagar un fuego = extinguish + fire, put down + fire.
    * apagar un fuego con los pies = stomp out + fire.
    * fuego + apagar = fire + be out.
    * luz + apagarse = light + go out.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <luz/televisión/motor> to turn off, switch off; <cigarrillo/fuego> to put out, extinguish (frml); <vela/cerilla> to put out; ( soplando) to blow out
    2) (liter) < sed> to quench; < ira> to appease (liter)
    2.
    apagarse v pron
    1) luz/fuego/vela to go out

    se ha apagado el brillo de sus ojos — (liter) the sparkle has gone out of her eyes

    2) (liter) ira to abate; pasión to fade; entusiasmo/fervor to wane
    * * *
    = turn off, quench, snub out, extinguish, dim, snuff out, snuff, dampen, stamp out.

    Ex: Trapping must be turned off by hand when the document has been picked up by the borrower.

    Ex: By such mutual assistance, the wits and endeavours of the world may no longer be as so many scattered coals, or firebrands, which, for want of union are soon quenched, whereas, being but laid together, they would have yielded a comfortable light and heat.
    Ex: 'Who will tell her?' 'I'll take care of that,' responded the principal with acerbity, snubbing out her cigarette.
    Ex: His sudden gust of audacity was quickly extinguished by her words and by her glance.
    Ex: At first, analyzing the way he went about his work eroded his confidence, threw him off balance, dimmed some of his energetic spirit.
    Ex: The producer did a 'hatchet job' on the film, substantially dumbing down the project and snuffing out any subtlety or nuance.
    Ex: Perhaps it was his hunger for precision and philosophical truth that snuffed the literary flame in Musil.
    Ex: Ten years ago ambition abounded; now risk-taking is out of style and vanguardism has been dampened by a pervasive enthusiasm for the past.
    Ex: The existence of the Internet and World Wide Web has made it almost impossible to stamp out crimes committed by hackers.
    * apagar el ardor = dampen + Posesivo + ardor.
    * apagar el entusiasmo = dampen + Posesivo + ardor.
    * apagar el fuego = put out + the flames.
    * apagar la cal = slake + lime.
    * apagar la cal viva = slake + quicklime.
    * apagar la luz = turn + the light off.
    * apagar la sed = slake + Posesivo + thirst.
    * apagarse = subside.
    * apagar un fuego = extinguish + fire, put down + fire.
    * apagar un fuego con los pies = stomp out + fire.
    * fuego + apagar = fire + be out.
    * luz + apagarse = light + go out.

    * * *
    apagar [A3 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹luz› to turn off, switch off, put out; ‹televisión/motor› to turn off, switch off
    apaga y vámonos ( Esp fam); let's call it a day ( colloq), let's jack it in ( BrE sl)
    2 ‹cigarrillo/fuego/incendio› to put out, extinguish ( frml); ‹vela/cerilla› to put out; (soplando) to blow out
    B ( liter); ‹sed› to quench; ‹ira› to appease ( liter)
    los años no habían apagado su pasión his passion had not faded o died with the years
    A «luz/fuego/vela» to go out
    la luz se apagó y se volvió a encender the light went out o off and came on again
    se ha apagado el brillo de sus ojos ( liter); the sparkle has gone out of her eyes
    B ( liter); «ira» to abate; «pasión» to fade; «entusiasmo» to wane
    se habían apagado los ánimos revolucionarios their revolutionary fervor had died down o waned
    su vida se va apagando lentamente his life is slowly ebbing away ( liter)
    * * *

     

    apagar ( conjugate apagar) verbo transitivo ‹luz/televisión/motor› to turn off, switch off;
    ‹cigarrillo/fuego› to put out;
    ‹vela/cerilla› to put out;
    ( soplando) to blow out
    apagarse verbo pronominal [luz/fuego/vela] to go out
    apagar vtr (un fuego) to put out
    (una luz, una radio, etc) to turn off, switch off
    (un color) to soften
    (la sed) to quench
    ' apagar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    desconectar
    - luz
    English:
    beat out
    - blow out
    - come forward
    - douse
    - extinguish
    - leave on
    - power down
    - put off
    - put out
    - quench
    - shut down
    - shut off
    - stub
    - switch off
    - turn off
    - turn out
    - black
    - blow
    - damp
    - dampen
    - put
    - shut
    - snuff
    - stamp
    - switch
    - turn
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [luz] to switch off;
    [aparato] to turn o switch off;
    apaga el horno turn o switch off the oven;
    Informát
    apagar equipo [en menú] shut down
    2. [extinguir] [fuego, cigarrillo, vela] to put out;
    “por favor apaguen sus cigarrillos” “please extinguish your cigarettes”
    3. [reducir] [sed] to quench;
    [dolor] to get rid of; [color] to soften; [sonido] to muffle; [brillo] to dull
    ♦ vi
    Esp Fam
    ¡apaga y vámonos!: si eso es lo mejor que sabes hacer, ¡apaga y vámonos! if that's the best you can do we might as well forget it;
    si no quieren ayudarnos, ¡apaga y vámonos! if they don't want to help us, let's not waste any more time over it
    * * *
    v/t televisor, luz turn off; fuego put out; vela snuff, put out;
    apaga y vámonos we may as well call it a day
    * * *
    apagar {52} vt
    1) : to turn off, to shut off
    2) : to extinguish, to put out
    * * *
    apagar vb
    1. (luz, aparato) to turn off / to switch off
    2. (fuego, cigarrillo) to put out [pt. & pp. put]
    3. (vela) to blow out [pt. blew; pp. blown]

    Spanish-English dictionary > apagar

  • 5 beruhigen

    I v/t calm (down); (versichern) reassure; (das Gewissen) ease; (die Nerven) calm, soothe; (den Magen) settle; (entspannen) relax; es beruhigt mich zu hören, dass er gut angekommen ist I’m relieved ( oder glad) to hear that he arrived safely; da bin ich ( aber) beruhigt! that’s all right (Am. alright) then; stärker: that’s a relief; seien Sie beruhigt! there’s no need to worry; dann kann ich (ja) beruhigt schlafen / in Urlaub fahren now I can sleep in peace / go on holiday (Am. vacation) with an easy mind
    II v/refl calm down; Lage: quieten down; Sturm, Wind: die down; See, Wellen: calm down; Markt, Börse: settle down; Verkehr: become lighter; sie konnte sich deswegen gar nicht mehr beruhigen she simply couldn’t get over it
    III v/i: das beruhigt that’ll calm you down ( oder relax you); die Farbe Grün beruhigt, Rot dagegen macht aggressiv green has a calming effect, but red provokes aggression
    * * *
    to calm; to appease; to mollify; to allay; to reassure; to cool; to compose; to soothe; to pacify; to still; to quieten; to tranquillize; to smooth down; to tranquilize; to becalm; to ease; to calm down;
    sich beruhigen
    to calm down; to lull; to quiet down; to smooth down; to quieten
    * * *
    be|ru|hi|gen [bə'ruːɪgn] ptp beruhigt
    1. vt
    to calm ( down); Baby to quieten (Brit), to quiet (US); (= trösten) to soothe, to comfort; (= versichern) to reassure; Magen to settle; Nerven to soothe, to calm; Verkehr to calm; Gewissen to soothe, to ease; Schmerzen to ease, to relieve

    na, dann bin ich ja beruhigt — well I must say I'm quite relieved

    dann kann ich ja beruhigt schlafen/nach Hause gehen — then I can go to sleep/go home with my mind at rest

    es ist berúhigend zu wissen, dass... — it is reassuring to know that...

    2. vr
    to calm down; (Krise auch) to ease off, to lessen; (Gewissen) to be eased; (Andrang, Verkehr, Kämpfe) to subside, to lessen; (Börse, Preise, Magen) to settle down; (Krämpfe, Schmerzen) to lessen, to ease; (Meer) to become calm; (Sturm) to die down, to abate

    sie konnte sich gar nicht darüber berúhigen, dass... — she could not get over the fact that...

    * * *
    1) (to make calm: Calm yourself!) calm
    2) (to make or become less excited or less emotional: He was very angry but he's cooled down now.) cool down
    3) (to remove or lessen (a person's fears, doubts etc).) quieten
    4) ((especially American: often with down) to quieten.) quiet
    5) (to take away the doubts or fears of: The woman was worried about the dangers of taking aspirins, but her doctor reassured her.) reassure
    6) (to soothe: I gave him a pill to settle his nerves.) settle
    * * *
    be·ru·hi·gen *
    [bəˈru:ɪgn̩]
    I. vt
    ▪ jdn \beruhigen to reassure [or comfort] sb
    ihr herzlicher Empfang beruhigte ihn wieder their warm welcome set [or put] him at ease again
    jds Gewissen/Gedanken \beruhigen to ease sb's conscience/mind
    2. (ruhig machen)
    ▪ jdn/etw \beruhigen to calm sb/sth [down], to pacify sb
    jdm die Nerven \beruhigen to soothe sb's nerves
    jds Schmerzen \beruhigen to ease [or relieve] [or alleviate] sb's pain
    den Verkehr \beruhigen to introduce traffic calming measures
    dieses Getränk wird deinen Magen \beruhigen this drink will settle your stomach
    II. vr
    ▪ sich akk \beruhigen to calm down, to relax, to chill out sl; politische Lage to stabilize; Meer to grow calm
    \beruhigen Sie sich! calm down!, take it easy!
    ▪ sich akk \beruhigen Unwetter, Nachfrage to die down, to abate, to subside form; Krise to ease off
    * * *
    1.
    transitives Verb calm [down]; quieten, pacify <child, baby>; salve, soothe < conscience>; (trösten) soothe; (die Befürchtung nehmen) reassure

    die Nerven/den Magen beruhigen — calm one's nerves/settle the stomach

    beruhigt schlafen/nach Hause gehen können — be able to sleep/go home with one's mind set at ease

    2.
    reflexives Verb < person> calm down; < sea> become calm; <struggle, traffic> lessen; < rush of people> subside; <prices, stock exchange, stomach> settle down
    * * *
    A. v/t calm (down); (versichern) reassure; (das Gewissen) ease; (die Nerven) calm, soothe; (den Magen) settle; (entspannen) relax;
    es beruhigt mich zu hören, dass er gut angekommen ist I’m relieved ( oder glad) to hear that he arrived safely;
    da bin ich (aber) beruhigt! that’s all right (US alright) then; stärker: that’s a relief;
    seien Sie beruhigt! there’s no need to worry;
    dann kann ich (ja) beruhigt schlafen/in Urlaub fahren now I can sleep in peace/go on holiday (US vacation) with an easy mind
    B. v/r calm down; Lage: quieten down; Sturm, Wind: die down; See, Wellen: calm down; Markt, Börse: settle down; Verkehr: become lighter;
    sie konnte sich deswegen gar nicht mehr beruhigen she simply couldn’t get over it
    C. v/i:
    das beruhigt that’ll calm you down ( oder relax you);
    die Farbe Grün beruhigt, Rot dagegen macht aggressiv green has a calming effect, but red provokes aggression
    * * *
    1.
    transitives Verb calm [down]; quieten, pacify <child, baby>; salve, soothe < conscience>; (trösten) soothe; (die Befürchtung nehmen) reassure

    die Nerven/den Magen beruhigen — calm one's nerves/settle the stomach

    beruhigt schlafen/nach Hause gehen können — be able to sleep/go home with one's mind set at ease

    2.
    reflexives Verb < person> calm down; < sea> become calm; <struggle, traffic> lessen; < rush of people> subside; <prices, stock exchange, stomach> settle down
    * * *
    v.
    to allay v.
    to appease v.
    to becalm v.
    to calm v.
    to compose v.
    to pacify v.
    to quieten v.
    to reassure v.
    to sedate v.
    to soothe v.
    to tranquilise (UK) v.
    to tranquilize (US) v.
    to tranquillise (UK) v.
    to tranquillize (US) v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > beruhigen

  • 6 FYRIR

    * * *
    prep.
    I. with dat.
    1) before, in front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin merkin);
    fyrir dyrum, before the door;
    2) before one, in one’s presence;
    hón nefndist fyrir þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;
    3) for;
    hann lét ryðja fyrir þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;
    4) before one, in one’s way;
    fjörðr varð fyrir þeim, they came to a fjord;
    sitja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for one;
    5) naut. term. before, off;
    liggja fyrir bryggjum, to lie off the piers;
    fyrir Humru-mynni, off the Humber;
    6) before, at the head of, over;
    vera fyrir liði, to be over the troops;
    vera fyrir máli, to lead the case;
    sitja fyrir svörum, to undertake the defence;
    7) of time, ago;
    fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago;
    fyrir stundu, a while ago;
    fyrir löngu, long ago;
    vera fyrir e-u, to forebode (of a dream);
    8) before, above, superior to;
    Hálfdan svarti var fyrir þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;
    9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;
    þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;
    tók at eyðast fyrir herm lausa-fé, her money began to fail;
    10) denoting obstacle, hindrance;
    mikit gøri þer mér fyrir þessu máli, you make this case hard for me;
    varð honum lítit fyrir því, it was a small matter for him;
    Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir, A. thought that things looked bad;
    11) because of, for;
    hon undi sér hvergri fyrir verkjum, she had no rest for pains;
    fyrir hræðslu, for fear;
    illa fœrt fyrir ísum, scarcely, passable for ice;
    gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing, they neglected to make hay;
    fyrir því at, because, since, as;
    12) against;
    gæt þín vel fyrir konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men;
    beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, against all kinds of harm;
    13) fyrir sér, of oneself;
    mikill fyrir sér, strong, powerful;
    minnstr fyrir sér, smallest, weakest;
    14) denoting manner or quality, with;
    hvítr fyrir hærum, while with hoary hair;
    II. with acc.
    1) before, in front of;
    halda fyrir augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes;
    2) before, into the presence of;
    stefna e-m fyrir dómstól, before a court;
    3) over;
    hlaupa fyrir björg, to leap over a precipice;
    kasta fyrir borð, to throw overboard;
    4) in one’s way, crossing one’s way;
    ríða á leið fyrir þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them;
    5) round, off;
    sigla fyrir nes, to weather a point;
    6) along, all along;
    fyrir endilangan Noreg, all along Norway, from one end to the other;
    draga ör fyrir odd, to draw the arrow past the point;
    7) of time, fyrir dag, before day;
    fyrir e-s minni, before one’s memory;
    8) for, on behalf of;
    vil ek bjóða at fara fyrir þik, I will offer to go for thee, in thy stead;
    lögvörn fyrir mál, a lawful defence for a case;
    9) for, for the benefit of;
    þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, they cut the lyme-grass for them (the horses);
    10) for, instead of, in place of, as;
    11) for, because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit);
    fyrir þín orð, for thy words (intercession);
    fyrir sína vinsæld, by reason of his popularity;
    12) denoting value, price;
    fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks;
    fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost;
    13) in spite of, against (giptast fyrir ráð e-s);
    14) joined with adverbs ending in -an, governing acc. (fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan);
    fyrir austan, sunnan fjall, east, south of the fell;
    fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge;
    fyrir handan á, beyond the river;
    fyrir innan garð, inside the fence;
    III. as adverb or ellipt.
    1) ahead, before, opp. to eptir;
    þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, when this came first, preceded;
    2) first;
    mun ek þar eptir gera sem þér gerit fyrir, I shall do to you according as you do first;
    3) at hand, present, to the fore;
    föng þau, er fyrir vóru, stores that were at hand;
    þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already present (before the bride and bridegroom came);
    4) e-m verðr e-t fyrir, one takes a certain step, acts so and so;
    Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. was at a loss what to do;
    e-t mælist vel (illa) fyrir, a thing is well (ill) spoken or reported of (kvæðit mæltist vel fyrir).
    * * *
    prep., in the Editions spelt differently; in MSS. this word is usually abbreviated either  (i. e. firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (i. e. fyrir); in some MSS. it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, e. g. Arna-Magn. 382 (Bs. i. 263 sqq.); and even in the old Miracle-book Arna-Magn. 645 (Bs. i. 333 sqq.), just as ifir is written for yfir ( over); in a few MSS. it is written as a monosyllable fyr, e. g. D. I. i. 475, Mork. passim; in Kb. (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, Vsp. I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, Gm. 22; fyr vestan ver, Hkv. 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, e. g. Hm. 56, Gm. 54, Skm. 34, Ls. 15, Am. 64, Hkv. 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of ( super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, e. g. for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in Edd., are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in MSS., as, fyre, Ó. H. (facsimile); fire, Grág. Sb. ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur, Fms. iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur, Haustl. 1. [Ulf. faur and faura; A. S. fore and for; Engl. for and fore-; Germ. für and vor; Dan. for; Swed. för; Gr. προ-; Lat. pro, prae.]
    WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors, Nj. 14, Vsp. 53, Hm. 69, Edda 130; niðr f. smiðju-dyrum, Eg. 142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni, Nj. 181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit f. þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one, Fms. vii. 207, Hkr. iii. 335 (Ó. H. 201, l. c., frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum f. sér, beneath in the fire before them, Nj. 204; þeir sá f. sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building, i. e. they came to a great house, Eg. 546; öðrum f. sér ( in front) en öðrum á bak sér, Grág. i. 5.
    2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel f. búum, before the neighbours, Nj. 87; lýsi ek f. búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u ( to proclaim) f. e-m, Ld. 8; hann hermdi boð öll f. Gizuri, Nj. 78; hón nefndisk f. þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G., Fms. i. 8; kæra e-t f. e-m, Ó. H. 60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann f. þeim, Nj. 200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er f. þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them, i. e. because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt) f. e-m, to give a good (bad) example, e. g. in the presence of children; lifa vel f. Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti f. Guði, Nj. 199; sem þeir sjá réttast f. Guði, Grág. i. (pref.); fyrir öllum þeim, Hom. 89; á laun f. öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them, Grág. i. 337, Jb. 378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill f. húsfreyju minni, i. e. when you talk to my wife, Nj. 265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord, Merl. 2. 78.
    3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja f. þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception, Nj. 228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, i. e. to clear Valhalla for slain folk, Em. I; ryðja vígvöll f. vegundum, Nj. 212; ljúka upp f. e-m, to open the door for one, Fms. xi. 323, Stj. 5; rýma pallinn f. þeim, Eg. 304; hann lét göra eld f. þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld. f. sér, Fms. xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him, Eg. 45.
    II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð f. þeim, Eg. 530; á (fjörðr) varð f. þeim, a river, fjord, was before them, i. e. they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi f. liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð f. Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V., Hkr. iii. 363; þeirra manna er f. honum urðu, Eg. 92.
    2. sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait for one, Ld. 218, Nj. 107; lá f. henni í skóginum, Edda (pref.); sitja f. rekum, to sit watching for wrecks, Eg. 136 (fyrir-sát).
    3. ellipt., menn urðu at gæta sín er f. urðu, Nj. 100; Egill var þar f. í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush, Eg. 378; hafði sá bana er f. varð, who was before (the arrow), i. e. he was hit, Nj. 8.
    4. verða f. e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr f. drepi, if he be struck, Grág. ii. 19; verða f. áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury, Ld. 140; verða f. reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king, Eg. 226; verða f. ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound, Fas. i. 130; sitja f. hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame, Nj. 71; vera eigi f. sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.
    III. a naut. term, before, off; liggja f. bryggjum, to lie off the pier, Ld. 166; skip fljóta f. strengjum, Sks. 116; þeir lágu f. bænum, they lay off the town, Bs. i. 18; liggja úti f. Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland, Eg. 261; hann druknaði f. Jaðri, off the J., Fms. i. II; þeir kómu at honum f. Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr f. landi, Hkr. i. 301; f. Humru-minni, off the Humber, Orkn. 338, cp. Km. 3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain, Orkn. 356.
    IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr f. búi föður síns, Ver. 26 (of king David); vera f. liði, to be over the troops, Eg. 292, Nj. 7; vera f. máli, to lead the case, Band. 8; vera forstjóri f. búi, to be steward over the household, Eg. 52; ráða f. landi, ríki, etc., to rule, govern, Ó H. 33, Nj. 5; hverr f. eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire, Eg. 239; ráða f. e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja f. svörum, to respond on one’s behalf, Ölk. 36, Band. 12; hafa svör f. e-m, to be the chief spokesman, Fms. x. 101, Dipl. v. 26.
    V. special usages; friða f. e-m, to make peace for one, Fms. vii. 16, Bs. i. 65; bæta f. e-m, to make things good for one, Hom. 109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja (etc.) f. e-m, to plead for one, Fms. iii. 33, Nj. 128,—also spilla f. e-m, to disparage one, Eg. 255; haga, ætla f. e-u, to manage, arrange for one, Ld. 208, Sturl. i. 14, Boll. 356; rífka ráð f. e-m, to better one’s condition, Nj. 21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf f. frændkonu sinni, Js. 58; standa f. manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy, Eg. 357, Grág. ii. 13; vera skjöldr f. e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað f. e-u, to have the expences for a thing, Ld. 14; vinna f. e-m, to support one by one’s work, Sks. 251; starfa f. fé sínu, to manage one’s money, Ld. 166; hyggja f. e-u, to take heed for a thing, Nj. 109; hyggja f. sér, Fs. 5; hafa forsjá f. e-m, to provide for one, Ld. 186; sjá f. e-u, to see after, Eg. 118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð f. mér, Nj. 20: ironic. to put at rest, Háv. 40: ellipt., sjá vel f., to provide well for, Nj. 102.
    B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago, Nj. 80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago, Fms. i. 76, Ld. 134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago, Nj. 260, Fms. i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning, Grág. i. 80, ii. 323, 394, Finnb. 342; fyrir þeim, before they were born, Fms. i. 57.
    2. the phrase, vera f. e-u, to forebode; vera f. stórfundum, Nj. 107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu f. siða-skipti, Fms. xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera f. kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum f. e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá f. e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one, Nj. 171.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar f. öllum ungum mönnum, Dropl. 7; þykkisk hann mjök f. öðrum mönnum, Ld. 38; ver f. hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen, Eg. 65; Hálfdan svarti var f. þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers, Fms. i. 4; þorgrímr var f. sonum Önundar, Grett. 87; var Haraldr mest f. þeim at virðingu, Fms. i. 47.
    II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið f. þeim, Grág. i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).
    2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit f. heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, = Lat. pro, Fms. vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni, Blas. 38; gjalda önd mína f. önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf f. sál sinni ( pro animâ suâ), H. E. i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál, Dipl. iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir f. e-m, 656 A; heita f. e-m, biðja f. e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro), Fms. iii. 48, Bs. i. 70; biðja f. mönnum, to intercede for, 19, Fms. xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja f. stað sinn (acc., which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (dat., which is a Latinism), x. 127.
    III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs, Eg. 249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case, Grág. i. 36, Dropl. 14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn f. Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly, i. e. forsook Thorkel, Fms. ix. 422; kom upp grátr f. henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé f. öðrum, to take another’s money, N. G. L. i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi, Landn. 56; ef hross verðr tekit f. honum, if a horse of his be taken, Grág. i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all, Ó. H. 60; e-t ferr ílla f. e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór f. Ólófu, so it came to pass for O., Vígl. 18; loka dyrr f. e-m, to lock the door in one’s face, Edda 21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn f. yðr drepit, heldr f. yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit, i. e. they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men, Fbr. 33; tók at eyðask f. henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail, Nj. 29; rak á f. þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather, Vígl. 27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn f. Jökli, V. drove the ball for J., i. e. so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil f. Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast f. mér, my sword broke, Korm. 98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t f. e-m, to break a thing for one, Bs. i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, Nj. 167; árin brotnaði f. honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.
    2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja f. sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour, i. e. to hinder one’s doing well, Sturl. 87; mikit göri þér mér f. þessu máli, you make this case sore for me, Eb. 124; þér er mikit f. máli, thy case stands ill, Fms. v. 325; ekki er Guði f. því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið f. því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily, Grett. III; mér er minna f. því, it is easier for me, Am. 60; þykkja mikit f. e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly, Nj. 77; Icel. also say, þykja fyrir (ellipt.), to feel hurt, be displeased:—ellipt., er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal, Ó. H. 140; sem sér muni lítið f. at veiða Gunnar, Nj. 113; fast mun f. vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move, Ld. 154; Ásgrími þótti þungt f., A. thought that things looked sad (heavy), Nj. 185; hann var lengi f., he was long about it, Fms. x. 205; hann var lengi f. ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, Þorf. Karl. 388.
    IV. in a causal sense, for, because of, Lat. per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds, Edda 16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi f. verkjum, she had no rest for pains, Bjarn. 69; fyrir gráti, tárum, = Lat. prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow; f. hlátri, for laughter, as in Engl.; þeir æddust f. einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman, Sól. 11; ílla fært f. ísum, scarce passable for ice, Fms. xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar f. Miðgarðs-ormi, Edda 35; hann var lítt gengr f. sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound, Fbr. 178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear, Hbl. 26; heptisk vegrinn f. þeim meinvættum sem …, Fs. 4; gáðu þeir eigi f. veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay, Landn. 30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power, Eg. 67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna, Grág. i. 68; fyrir hví, for why? Eluc. 4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar, Eg. 375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because, Edda 35, Fms. i. 22, vii. 330, Ld. 104; en fyrir því nú at, now since, Skálda 171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.
    V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke, Háv. 52.
    2. denoting contest; falla f. e-m, to fall before one, i. e. fighting against one, Fms. i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki f. e-m, to be overcome in fighting one, Ld. 146; látask f. e-m, to perish by one, Eb. 34; hafa bana f. e-m, to be slain by one, Nj. 43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa f. honum, 263; mæddisk hann f. þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them, Eg. 192; láta ríki f. e-m, to lose the kingdom before another, i. e. so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar f. þér, 505; láta hlut sinn f. e-m, Fs. 47; standask f. e-m, to stand one’s ground before one, Edda (pref.); hugðisk hann falla mundu f. sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28, Hým. 12; halda hlut f. e-m, Ld. 54; halda frið ok frelsi f. várum óvinum, Fms. viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað f. þínum draum ( thy dream notwithstanding), Ld. 216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit f. mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted, Fær. 37; halda vöku f. sér, to keep oneself awake, Fms. i. 216.
    β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva f. e-m, to fly, leap, run before one, i. e. to be pursued, Bs. i. 774, Grág. ii. 359; at hann rynni f. þrælum hans, Ld. 64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á f. Hofsmönnum, Landn. 178; ganga f. e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing, Fms. i. 305, x. 292; vægja f. e-m, to yield to one, give way, Eg. 21, 187, Nj. 57, Ld. 234.
    VI. against; verja land f. e-m, Eg. 32; verja landit f. Dönum ok öðrum víkingum, Fms. i. 23; til landvarnar f. víkingum, Eg. 260; landvarnar-maðr f. Norðmönnum, Fms. vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar f. bergrisum, Edda 17; gæt þín vel f. konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men, Eg. 113; góð aðstoð f. tröllum ok dvergum, Bárð. 163; beiða Baldri griða f. allskonar háska, Edda 36; auðskæðr f. höggum, Eg. 770.
    VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis), Grág. ii. 384, Fms. vii. 262; halda f. veðri, to stand before the wind, Róm. 211.
    2. rýrt mun verða f. honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people, Nj. 94: ellipt., hafði sá bana er f. varð, 8; sprakk f., 16, 91.
    VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself, esp. of physical power; mikill f. sér, strong, powerful; lítill f. sér, weak, feeble, Nj. 20, Ísl. ii. 368, Eg. 192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann f. mér, Edda 33; minnstr f. sér, smallest, weakest, Eg. 123; gildr maðr f. sér, Ísl. ii. 322, Fms. ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil f. sér, a hardy man, Nj. 270; hvat ert þú f. þér, what kind of fellow art thou? Clem. 33; vera einn f. sér, to be a strange fellow, Grett. 79 new Ed.; Icel. also say, göra mikið (lítið) f. sér, to make oneself big ( little).
    β. sjóða e-t f. sér, to hesitate, saunter, Nj. 154; mæla f. munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter, Orkn. 248, Nj. 249.
    IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr f. hærum, white with hoary hairs, Fms. vi. 95, Fas. ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour, Mag. 5; hjölt hvít f. silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered, Eb. 226.
    X. as adverb or ellipt.,
    1. ahead, in front, = á undan, Lat. prae, opp. to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded, Nj. 34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy), Eg. 580; Egill fór f., E. went in before, id.; at vér ríðim þegar f. í nótt, 283.
    β. first; hann stefndi f. málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him, Nj. 35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit f., I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—temp., sjau nóttum f., seven nights before, Grág. ii. 217.
    2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore, i. e. before the bride and bridegroom came, Nj. 11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir, Hm. 1; skal þá lögmaðr þar f. vera, he shall be there present, Js. 3; heima í túni fyrir, Fær. 50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir, Eg. 98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem f. eru, who are there already, i. e. in his charge, Grág. i. 286: of things, föng þau er f. vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand, Eg. 134.
    3. fore, opp. to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar f. allt gullknöppum, Eg. 516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst, Mar.
    XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one, i. e. one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat f., at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …, Grág. i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki f., K. had no resource, i. e. lost his head, Sturl. iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well ( ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, Nj. 117, Sturl. ii. 151; mun þat vel f. mælask, people will like it well, Nj. 29, Þórð. 55 new Ed.; ílla mun þat f. mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína, Ld. 238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel f., the people praised the poem, Fms. vii. 113.
    XII. in special senses, either as prep. or adv. (vide A. V. above); segja leið f. skipi, to pilot a ship, Eg. 359; segja f. skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea, Bs. i. 774, Fms. x. 480; mæla f. e-u, to dictate, Grág. ii. 266; mæla f. minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla f. sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u f., to arrange, put right; ætla f. e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m f. e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið f. e-u (impers.), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa f. e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita f. sér, to enquire; biðjask f., to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja f., etc., to order, Nj. 103, Js. 3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá f., at …, Landn. 34; spyrjask f., to enquire, Hkr. ii. 333; búask f., to prepare, make arrangement, Landn. 35, Sks. 551; skipask f., to draw up, Nj. 197; leggjask f., to lie down in despair, Bs. i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá f. úorðna hluti, Fms. i. 96; segja f., to foretell, 76, Bb. 332; Njáll hefir ok sagt f. um æfi hans, Nj. 102; vita e-t f., to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t f., to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat f., fore-ordained, id.
    WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin, Nj. 198; láta síga brýnn f. brár, Hkv. Hjörv. 19; halda f. augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes, Nj. 132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162, Fs. 39.
    2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m f. dómstól, Fms. xi. 444; ganga, koma f. e-n, to go, come before one, Fms. i. 15, Eg. 426, Nj. 6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes, Stj. 611.
    3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum f. sik, he put the shield before him, Nj. 97, 115; halda skildi f. e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.
    4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram f., forward; aptr f., backward, etc.; hann reiddi öxina fram f. sik, a stroke forward with the axe, Fms. vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, Nj. 29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna f. sik, 195; komask út f. dyrr, to go outside the door, Eg. 206:—draga ofan f. brekku, to drag over the hill, Ld. 220; hrinda f. mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank, Eg. 748; hlaupa f. björg, to leap over a precipice, Eb. 62, Landn. 36; elta e-n f. björg, Grág. ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta) f. borð, to leap ( throw) overboard, Fms. i. 178, Hkr. iii. 391, Ld. 226; síga ( to be hauled) niðr f. borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13, Fms. ix. 3; hlaupa niðr f. stafn, Eg. 142; niðr f. skaflinn, Dropl. 25; fyrir brekku, Orkn. 450, Glúm. 395 (in a verse).
    II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu f. þá, Fms. ix. 475; ríða á leið f. þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them, Boll. 348; hlaupa ofan f. þá, Nj. 153; vóru allt komin f. hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way, Fms. vii. 207; þeir felldu brota f. hann, viz. they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann f. skip, to lay an embargo on a ship, Ld. 166.
    III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit, Nj. 44; út f. Holm, out past the Holm, Fms. vii. 356: esp. as a naut. term, off a point on the shore, sigla f. England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain, Orkn. 338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar, Fms. vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista, Edda 91 (in a verse); er hann kom f. Elfina, when be came off the Gotha, Eg. 80; leggja land f. skut, to lay the land clear of the stern, i. e. to pass it, Edda l. c.; göra frið f. land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another, Ld. 28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to ( round) the sources of the river, Fms. iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda, Grág. ii. 263; girða f. nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up, cp. Lat. praesepire, praemunire, etc., Grág. ii. 263; so also binda f. op, poka, Lat. praeligare, praestringere; hlaða f. gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri f. stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed, Nj. 275; skjóta slagbrandi f. dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it, Dropl. 29; láta loku (lás) f. hurð, to lock a door, Gísl. 28; setja innsigli f. bréf, to set a seal to a letter, Dipl. i. 3: ellipt., setr hón þar lás fyrir, Ld. 42, Bs. i. 512.
    2. along, all along; f. endilanga Danmörk, f. endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other, Fms. iv. 319, xi. 91, Grett. 97:—öx álnar f. munn, an axe with an ell-long edge, Ld. 276; draga ör f. ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term, Fms. ii. 321.
    IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone, Sturl. i. 44, Hrafn. 13, Fms. ii. 131; taka f. munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka f. háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat, etc.; taka mál f. munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka f. hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing, Eb. 124; mod., taka fram f. hendrnar á e-m.
    B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day, Eg. 80; f. miðjan dag, Ld. 14; f. sól, before sunrise, 268; f. sólar-lag, before sunset; f. miðjan aptan, Nj. 192; f. náttmál, 197; f. óttu, Sighvat; f. þinglausnir, Ölk. 37; f. Jól, Nj. 269; f. fardaga, Grág. ii. 341; viku f. sumar, 244; f. mitt sumar, Nj. 138; litlu f. vetr, Eg. 159; f. vetrnætr, Grág. ii. 217; f. e-s minni, before one’s memory, Íb. 16.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn, Fms. x. 372.
    II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara f. þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead, Nj. 77; ganga í skuld f. e-n, Grág. i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá f. Ölvi, Eg. 210; kaupa e-t f. e-n, Nj. 157; gjalda gjöld f. e-n, Grág. i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir f. e-n, Eg. 504; hvárr f. sik, each for oneself, Dipl. v. 26; sættisk á öll mál f. Björn, Nj. 266; tók sættir f. Björn, Eg. 168; svara f. e-t, Fms. xi. 444; hafa til varnir f. sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma f.; færa vörn f. sik, etc.; verja, sækja sakir f. sik, and many similar law phrases, Grág. passim; biðja konu f. e-n, to woo a lady for another, Fms. x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part, Gs. 16; lögvörn f. mál, a lawful defence for a case, Nj. 111; hafa til varnar f. sök, to defend a case, Grág. i. 61; halda skiladómi f. e-t, Dipl. iv. 8; festa lög f. e-t, vide festa.
    III. in a distributive sense; penning f. mann, a penny per man, K. Þ. K. 88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head, Lv. 89, Fms. i. 153, Ó. H. 141; hve f. marga menn, for how many men, Grág. i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.
    IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð f. hungraða, Hom. 75; þeir skáru f. þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses), Nj. 265; leggja kostnað f. e-n, to defray one’s costs, Grág. i. 341.
    V. for, instead of; hann setti sik f. Guð, Edda (pref.); hafa e-n f. Guð (Lat. pro Deo), Stj. 73, Barl. 131; geta, fá, kveðja mann f. sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute, Grág. i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka f. brynjur, Fs. 17; manna-höfuð vóru f. kljána, Nj. 275; gagl f. gás ok grís f. gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; rif stór f. hlunna, Háv. 48; buðkr er f. húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; auga f. auga, tönn f. tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell f. skillinga, Þkv. 32.
    VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit, Nj. 92, Fms. v. 162; eigi f. sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi? Nj. 101; ok urðu f. þat sekir, Landn. 323; hafa ámæli f. e-t, Nj. 65, passim.
    2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra f. þín orð, Ld. 158, Nj. 88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity, Fms. i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old Engl. ‘fore God), Karl. 241; fyrir þitt líf, Stj. 514; ek særi þik f. alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn, Nj. 176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks, Eg. 714; er sik leysti út f. þrjú hundruð marka, Fms. ix. 421; ganga f. hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred, D. I. i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða f. hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks, Ld. 30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir, Nj. 57; bætr f. víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr f. mann, Eg. 259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin, Nj. 101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means, Fms. i. 9, 157, Gþl. 531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann f. sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself, i. e. they sold their lives dearly, Ó. H. 217.
    2. ellipt., í staðinn f., instead of, Grág. i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða f. góð boð, Nj. 77; taka umbun f., Fms. vii. 161; svara slíku f. sem …, Boll. 350; þér skulut öngu f. týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head, Nj. 7.
    VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð, Stj.; fyrir sína náttúru, Fms. v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd, Pass. 19. 12; svikin f. orminn, by the serpent, Al. 63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very freq. in eccl. writings, esp. after the Reformation, N. T., Pass., Vídal.; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David, etc.:—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu f. kast ( by dice), Sturl. ii. 159.
    IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn, N. G. L. i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge, Grág. ii. 348; kvángask (giptask) f. ráð e-s, i. 177, 178, Þiðr. 190; nú fara menn f. bann ( in spite of an embargo) landa á milli, Gþl. 517; hann gaf henni líf f. framkvæmd farar, i. e. although she had not fulfilled her journey ( her vow), Fms. v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that, Grett. 80 new Ed.; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.
    X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but freq. in mod. usage, thus, eigi e-n f. vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n f. fífl, fól, to make sport of one.
    2. in old writers some phrases come near to this, e. g. vita f. vist, to know for certain, Dipl. i. 3; vita f. full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa f. satt, to take for sooth, believe, Nj. 135; koma f. eitt, to come ( turn) all to one, Lv. 11, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 208; koma f. ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way, Nj. 93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti f. varnað, to have another’s faults for warning, Sól. 19.
    XI. joined with adverbs ending in -an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following acc. denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell, i. e. on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall = Lat. ultra; fyrir innan fjall = Lat. infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard, etc.; vide these adverbs:—used adverb., fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in Icel. to mark the quarters of the country, cp. the ditty in Esp. Árb. year 1530; but not freq. in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …, cp. Kristni S. ch. 1: absol. and adverb., fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save, Anal. 98, Vkv. 8; fyrir fram, vide fram.
    ☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:
    I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local, temp., and metaph. furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini, etc.
    β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris, etc.
    2. in an intens. sense = before others, very, but not freq.; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.
    II. (cp. fyrir, acc., C. IX), in a neg. or priv. sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers, e. g. for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:
    1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, e. g. for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.
    2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish, e. g. for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in eccl. writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in Icel.) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m, etc.; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these compds are due to foreign influence.

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